GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訊:
Host: WP
Edit: OF
祝花蓮早日抗災成功 We wish Hualien a successful disaster relief soon.
自然災害是老天給我們的警訊，節能減碳降溫刻不容緩。Natural disasters are a warning from God to us. Energy conservation, carbon reduction and temperature reduction are urgent.
花蓮災害（如地震、水災）的發生主要由其特殊地理位置與地質構造引起，但地球暖化會加劇這些災害的頻率和強度，因為暖化導致冰川融化可能改變地殼壓力、極端降雨事件增多，進而誘發或惡化土石流和堰塞湖等災害。 此外，暖化導致的海平面上升也可能影響地貌的穩定性。
地震與地球暖化的關係
冰川融化與地殼壓力變化： 全球暖化導致冰川大規模融化，融化的冰水可能滲入地殼裂縫，改變地表下的垂直應力，進而增加地震的發生頻率。 雖然目前科學研究尚未完全證明確切的關聯，但有學者認為冰川消融可能成為誘發地震的導火線。
地震的複合影響： 花蓮本身位於地震帶上，易受板塊運動影響。 地球暖化加劇的極端氣候事件（如強震）與地質活動相互影響，可能導致地表位移和建築物損毀等複合災害。
水災與地球暖化的關係
極端強降雨： 地球暖化加劇了全球天氣系統的異常，導致短延時強降雨的頻率和強度增加。 這種情況在花蓮地區尤為明顯，增加了土石流和堰塞湖的風險。
堰塞湖的成因與影響： 在強震後，山體滑坡容易堵塞河道形成堰塞湖。 若加上極端強降雨，湖水水位迅速升高並累積壓力，最終可能導致堰塞湖決堤，引發洪水。
脆弱地質條件的惡化： 花蓮部分地區地質條件相對脆弱，容易受豪雨或地震影響而發生山壁崩塌。 地球暖化帶來的頻繁強降雨和潛在的地震活動，都可能使原本脆弱的山壁再次崩塌，形成或擴大堰塞湖，構成二次災害的隱憂。
總結
花蓮的災害主要源於其地震帶的地質特性和複雜地形，而地球暖化則作為一個「增幅因子」，加劇了這些天然災害的發生機率和嚴重程度，使災害更具複合性和頻繁性，為當地居民的生命財產安全帶來更大的威脅。
Disasters in Hualien (such as earthquakes and floods) are primarily caused by its unique geographical location and geological structure. However, global warming will exacerbate the frequency and intensity of these disasters. This is because glacier melting caused by global warming may alter crustal pressure and increase extreme rainfall events, triggering or exacerbating disasters such as landslides and landslide lakes. Furthermore, rising sea levels caused by global warming may also affect the stability of the landscape.
Relationship between Earthquakes and Global Warming
Glacier Melting and Changes in Crustal Pressure: Global warming causes large-scale glacier melting. Melted water may seep into cracks in the crust, altering vertical stresses beneath the surface and increasing the frequency of earthquakes. While scientific research has yet to definitively prove this link, some scholars believe that glacier melt may be a trigger for earthquakes.
Compounding Impacts of Earthquakes: Hualien is located in a seismic zone, making it susceptible to plate tectonics. Extreme climate events exacerbated by global warming (such as strong earthquakes) interact with geological activity, potentially leading to compound disasters such as surface displacement and building damage.
The Relationship Between Floods and Global Warming
Extreme Heavy Rainfall: Global warming is exacerbating global weather system anomalies, leading to an increase in the frequency and intensity of short-duration, heavy rainfall. This is particularly pronounced in the Hualien area, increasing the risk of landslides and barrier lakes.
Causes and Impacts of Barrier Lakes: After a strong earthquake, landslides can easily block river channels, forming barrier lakes. Combined with extremely heavy rainfall, the lake's water level rises rapidly, accumulating pressure that can eventually cause the barrier lake to burst, triggering floods.
Deterioration of Fragile Geological Conditions: Parts of Hualien are geologically fragile and susceptible to mountain collapses caused by heavy rain or earthquakes. Frequent heavy rainfall and potential seismic activity brought on by global warming could further collapse these already fragile mountain walls, forming or expanding barrier lakes and posing a potential risk of secondary disasters.
Summary
Hualien's disasters primarily stem from the geological characteristics and complex topography of its seismic zone. Global warming acts as an "amplifier," exacerbating the probability and severity of these natural disasters, making them more complex and frequent, and posing a greater threat to the lives and property of local residents.
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