2025年7月25日 星期五

Can carbon reduction save energy減碳能節能嗎?

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HOST:WP

EDIT:OF 









We often hear "carbon reduction" in our daily lives, and energy conservation and carbon reduction have been a slogan that Taiwanese people are familiar with over the past three decades. However, carbon reduction is actually just a general term, specifically "reducing carbon emissions."

What is carbon reduction? Let's start with the greenhouse effect and carbon emissions

We have all learned about the "greenhouse effect" and know that the atmosphere includes greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. When the concentration of greenhouse gases is higher, the equilibrium temperature of the atmosphere will increase; if greenhouse gases can reach a balance with natural changes such as photosynthesis, the temperature will stabilize. However, since the Industrial Revolution, humans have begun to use a large amount of energy such as coal and oil, causing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to continue to increase, causing climate change, such as rising sea levels or abnormal droughts and floods.

The United Nations Environment Department stated that the only way to avoid climate change disasters is to quickly reduce greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming, which is why "carbon reduction" has become a common goal for the world.

What counts as carbon emissions?

Carbon emissions refer to greenhouse gas emissions generated by human activities in addition to human natural breathing, such as burning fossil fuels for energy use, industrial processes, animal husbandry, etc., which will emit greenhouse gases. In order to facilitate calculation and comparison, various mixed greenhouse gases will be converted into "equivalent to how much carbon dioxide", which is often heard as "carbon dioxide equivalent".

What is the definition of carbon reduction? You must first know the carbon emissions

In recent years, more and more companies have begun to respond to carbon reduction activities and share carbon reduction results, but just talking about carbon reduction may not reflect the real situation. It is necessary to disclose "carbon emissions" at the same time to know the specific impact. Just like when we want to lose weight, we also need to know how much we originally weighed in order to measure the weight loss effect.


For example, when two companies both say "reduced carbon by 20,000 tons", the meaning may be very different, because the original carbon emissions may be very different! Therefore, it is necessary to talk about carbon reduction and carbon emissions at the same time to present the real carbon reduction results.


With this basic concept, when you encounter various advertisements or marketing methods that wave the banner of environmental protection and say how much carbon they have reduced, you can first ask: "So what is your original carbon emission?"

You must have heard of energy saving and carbon reduction, but does energy saving definitely reduce carbon?

The slogan of energy saving and carbon reduction is very common. Here are a few energy saving and carbon reduction methods that you must have heard of:

Common energy saving and carbon reduction methods

Turn off the lights: Reduce unnecessary electricity use and reduce energy consumption.

Take public transportation: Replace driving or riding a bicycle to reduce commuting carbon emissions.

Raise the air conditioner by 2 degrees: Every 1 degree increase in the air conditioner temperature can reduce electricity consumption by about 6%.

In general, these energy saving and carbon reduction methods are also encouraged by us, but the reason why these actions can reduce carbon is compared with the original habits with higher carbon emissions. We need to establish a concept: the key to carbon reduction lies in "relativity".

Carbon reduction and energy saving are not necessarily directly related

It is also important to note that these energy saving and carbon reduction methods are indeed effective carbon reduction actions in life, but this has also formed a myth, as if energy saving and carbon reduction are the only solution? In fact, carbon reduction and energy saving are not necessarily directly related!

In Taiwan, it is because we still use fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas as the main energy source, and 90% of the sources of greenhouse gases are related to energy; if it is changed to other countries such as New Zealand, when they use hydropower, geothermal and other power generation methods with lower carbon emissions, even "energy saving" does not necessarily mean "carbon reduction"; on the contrary, animal husbandry is their main source of carbon emissions.

Why can throwing away garbage correctly reduce carbon emissions?

The process of garbage incineration will produce carbon emissions, and throwing away garbage correctly and properly recycling recyclables can relatively reduce the amount of garbage that needs to be incinerated and reduce carbon emissions during the incineration process.

Proper classification and recycling allow resources to have the opportunity to recycle and regenerate, which can relatively reduce the energy consumption of re-mining raw materials.

Properly recycle kitchen waste to prevent kitchen waste from entering landfills and reduce methane emissions. The US Environmental Protection Agency once reported that 58% of methane emissions from landfills come from food waste.

When it comes to environmental protection, there are always many confusing terms. We will share the "Sustainable Unboxing" in cooperation with Professor Ye Xincheng of National Taiwan Normal University, and take you to dismantle the key words of environmental protection step by step, so that you can become an environmental protection expert!

article learning 生活中常聽到「減碳」,節能減碳更是過去三十年以來臺灣人耳熟能詳的口號,但其實減碳只是一種概括說法,具體來說是「減少碳排放」。

減碳是什麼?從溫室效應與碳排放說起

我們都學過「溫室效應」,知道大氣中包括二氧化碳、甲烷等溫室氣體,當溫室氣體濃度越高,大氣的平衡溫度就會提升;若溫室氣體能與光合作用等自然變化達到平衡,溫度則會穩定。但從工業革命以來,人類開始大量使用煤炭、石油等能源,讓大氣中溫室氣體濃度不斷增加,造成了氣候變遷,像是海平面上升或是出現異常乾旱、洪災等。

聯合國環境部表示,避免氣候變遷災害的唯一方法,就是快速減少導致地球暖化的溫室氣體排放量,這也是為什麼「減碳」成為全球的共同目標。

哪些算是碳排放?

碳排放指的是除了人類自然呼吸之外,因為人類活動額外產生的溫室氣體排放,例如為了能源使用而燃燒化石燃料、工業製程、畜牧業等都會排放溫室氣體。為了方便計算與比較,會將各種混雜在一起的溫室氣體換算成「相當於多少二氧化碳的量」,也就是常聽到的「二氧化碳當量」。

減碳定義是什麼?得先知道碳排放量

近年來越來越多企業開始響應減碳活動、分享減碳成果,但是光是談減碳,可能難以反應真實情況,必須同時揭露「排碳量」,才能知道具體的影響。就像當我們想減重的時候,也需要知道自己原先有多重,才好衡量減重成效。

例如當兩家企業都表示「減碳 2 萬噸」,意義可能大不同,因為原先的排碳量可能差很多!因此,要同時說減碳量、排碳量,才能呈現真實的減碳成果。

有了這個基礎概念,之後遇到各種揮著環保大旗,說自己減碳多少的廣告或行銷手法,都可以先問問:「所以你原本的碳排放量是多少?」

節能減碳你一定聽過,但節能一定減碳嗎?

節能減碳這句口號很常聽到,以下先列出幾點你一定也聽過的節能減碳方法:

常見節能減碳方法

隨手關燈: 減少不必要的用電,降低能源消耗。

搭乘大眾運輸: 取代自行開車或騎車,減少通勤碳排放量。

冷氣調高 2 度: 冷氣溫度每調高 1 度,就能減少約 6% 耗電量。

整體而言,這些節能減碳方法也是我們所鼓勵的,但這些行動之所以能減碳,是和原先碳排量較高的習慣相比,要建立一個觀念:減碳的關鍵在於「相對性」。

減碳與節能不見得直接相關

更要留意的是,確實這些節能減碳方法都是生活中有效的減碳行動,不過這也形成了迷思,好像節能減碳是唯一解?事實上,減碳與節能不一定直接相關!

在台灣,是因為我們仍以燃煤、石油、天然氣等化石燃料為主要能源來源,溫室氣體來源 9 成與能源相關;若換成在其他國家如紐西蘭,當他們使用水力、地熱等碳排放量較低的發電方式,即使「節能」也不一定能代表「減碳」;反倒畜牧業才是他們的碳排放主要來源。

為什麼丟對丟對垃圾能減少碳排放量?

垃圾焚燒過程會產生碳排放,而丟對垃圾、將回收物妥善回收,相對來說減少需要焚燒的垃圾量,也降低焚燒過程中的碳排放。

妥善分類回收,讓資源有機會循環再生,相對來說也能減少重新開採原料的能源消耗。

妥善回收廚餘,避免廚餘進到垃圾掩埋場、減少甲烷排放。美國環保署曾有報告指出,垃圾掩埋場所排放甲烷有 58% 來自食物垃圾。

關於環保,總是有許多聽了霧煞煞的專有名詞,我們與臺師大葉欣誠教授合作的《永續開箱》將會陸續分享,帶大家一步步拆解環保關鍵字,讓你成為環保門神

2025年7月23日 星期三

做人有德,做事有道:Be virtuous and do things in a proper way職業生活中的道德與底線

GCIOSGF Newsletter會訊

monthly meeting 

Host : WP

EdIt: OF









做人有德,做事有道

在職業生活中,我們不僅需要遵循一定的規則和標準,更要具備良好的道德品質。這樣,我們才能在職場中立足,贏得他人的尊重與信任。同時,我們也要時時銘記自己的責任,以誠信、勤奮和專業的態度去面對每一項工作。這樣,我們才能不斷提升自己的職業素養,達到個人價值的最大化。

人生在世,有兩件至關重要的事:其一,學會做人,以德為先;其二,學會做事,遵循道義。道德是日常行為的指南針,無論工作或生活,它都無所不在,時時刻刻約束著我們。古今中外,道德高尚者備受尊敬,才情出眾者亦令人讚嘆。

職業道德是專業人士的行為準則,涵蓋了認真敬業、樂於奉獻、遵守紀律、積極進取以及誠信待人等多個面向。它不僅關乎我們個人的工作聲譽和生活品質,更與企業和團體的信譽和發展緊密相連。遵守職業道德,是對社會和團體應盡的責任和義務。

無論是何種職業,我們都應該以道德為基石,建立正確的職業觀念。認真敬業、誠實守信、嚴於律己是我們每個人應該秉持的專業態度。這樣,我們才能在這個複雜多變的社會中立足,贏得他人的尊重與信任。

Be virtuous and do things in a proper way: morality and bottom line in professional life

Be virtuous and do things in a proper way

In professional life, we not only need to follow certain rules and standards, but also have good moral qualities. In this way, we can gain a foothold in the workplace and win the respect and trust of others. At the same time, we must always bear in mind our responsibilities and face every job with integrity, diligence and professionalism. In this way, we can continuously improve our professional quality and maximize our personal value.

There are two crucial things in life: first, learn to be a person with morality first; second, learn to do things and follow morality. Morality is the compass of daily behavior. Whether at work or in life, it is omnipresent and constrains us at all times. Throughout the ages, people with high morals are highly respected, and those with outstanding talents are also admirable.

Professional ethics is the code of conduct for professionals, covering multiple aspects such as serious dedication, willingness to contribute, discipline, positive progress and honesty. It not only concerns our personal work reputation and quality of life, but is also closely linked to the reputation and development of enterprises and groups. Complying with professional ethics is a responsibility and obligation to society and the group.

No matter what profession we are in, we should take morality as the cornerstone and establish a correct professional concept. Dedication, honesty, and strict self-discipline are the professional attitudes that each of us should uphold. In this way, we can gain a foothold in this complex and changing society and win the respect and trust of others.

2025年4月26日 星期六

歷史總是選擇正確的一方:

 GCIOSGF Newsletter會訊:



冷靜看關稅

Host:WP

Speaker: Cn O

Edit: OF 

近期,美國對全球多地加徵“對等關稅”,可以說是向全世界宣戰。甚至在當地時間,4月15日,對華增收關稅,最高可達245%。

更喪心病狂的是,美國竟對從不設關稅的香港累計加徵高達145%的關稅。

大家都知道,香港作為自由港,對包括美國商品在內的所有商品實施「零關稅」。

更重要的是,香港是美國最大的貿易順差地,過去10年,美國對香港貿易順差達2,715億美元。

這龐大的數字背後,是美國企業在香港的巨額利潤,以及對美國經濟的正面貢獻。

但是,美國依然對香港如此加徵關稅,這種行為與公平的貿易原則背道而馳。簡直是蠻橫霸道、無恥之極!

大陸中央港澳工作辦公室主任、國務院港澳事務辦公室主任夏寶龍指出,美國見不得香港好,是破壞香港人權自由、法治秩序和繁榮穩定的最大黑手,它不是要我們的“稅”,而是要我們的“命”。

現在,美國對香港的遏制打壓更是無所不用其極。

外在勢力對香港插手幹預從未停止過,香港回歸以來發生的種種亂象,背後都有他們的影子。

大陸認為最近,美國砲制所謂“2025年香港政策法報告”,並對6名中方中央政府駐港機構和香港特別行政區政府官員實施所謂制裁,再次暴露其霸道欺凌的醜惡嘴臉和黔驢技窮的歇斯底里。

美國此舉的背後,涉及中美貿易戰、美國對中國的戰略遏制以及香港的政治地位等複雜因素。

它也與美國國內政治環境有關,某些利益團體可能從中獲益。

香港特區政府財政司司長陳茂波日前撰文指出,美國此等霸凌行徑嚴重違反世界貿易組織規則,肆意破壞作為國際貿易基石的多邊貿易體制。

單邊主義行徑既解決不了美國自身問題,也危及全球經濟發展和供應鏈的穩定,中方堅決反對。

美國的施壓、威脅和訌詐絕不可能得逞。

包括香港同胞在內的全體中國人民從來不吃霸道霸凌那一套,是嚇不倒、壓不垮的。

中國人不惹事也不怕事,“朋友來了有好酒,敵人來了有獵槍”,中方認為從來沒有怕過誰。

現在中方作為世界第二大經濟體、第一大工業國,正昂首闊步踏上強國建設、民族復興的新旅程。

「打得一拳開,免得百拳來」。

無論是關稅戰、貿易戰還是其他什麼戰,中方都覺得更沒什麼好怕的,天塌不下來。

美國一而再、再而三對香港進行遏制打壓,換來的只能是其在香港的代理人的加速滅亡,最終必將反噬其自身。

美國總統川普上任後肆意妄為,挑起全球關稅戰,引起全球市場巨震,國內恐慌加劇。

在過去僅僅兩週,川普的關稅政策變來變去:

先是對全世界挑起關稅戰爭,在全球股市巨震後又突然暫停「對等關稅」90天,同時將矛頭對準中國。

此後,川普多次調高對華關稅。美國對華關稅從最開始20%,到54%,再到104%、125%,再到最近的145%。

大陸對美國堅決反擊。

4月9日,中方宣布反制措施,原產於美國的所有進口商品的加徵關稅稅率由34%提高至84%,並已於4月10日12時01分起正式生效。

4月11日,中方宣布對美關稅由84%提高至125%。

中國商務部同時指出,美方畸高關稅已淪為數位遊戲,如果繼續提高,中國將不予理會。

近期,川普的關稅政策引發民意支持率大幅下滑。

哥倫比亞廣播公司的民調顯示,近三分之二的受訪者反對川普的關稅政策,並將當前美國經濟狀況歸咎於川普。

4月15日,美國前財政部長珍妮特耶倫在採訪中對川普政府的關稅政策提出了批評。

她認為這些政策無異於“自殘”,並對美國經濟造成了巨大傷害。

珍妮特耶倫指出,川普政府試圖透過關稅讓製造業回歸美國的想法是不切實際的。

她形容川普的行為如同揮舞著一把大鐵鎚,不僅打擊了盟友,也嚴重損害了美國自身的經濟利益。

現在,中美關稅戰已經持續兩週了,大陸這邊穩如泰山,但美國的問題已經完全暴露出來了,先是美股崩盤,再是美債也扛不住了,自己的小弟也開始反水。

面對接連不斷地噩耗,川普嘴上說著狠話,其實已經開始「投降」了,美國宣布願意和中國談判。

為何川普突然願意低頭了呢,首先我們得先了解讓美國慌了神的美債到底是什麼。

或許很多人聽到美債殖利率飆升,認為就是利息更高,更好投資了。

恰恰相反,美債是一種收益倒推的債券,它的價格和殖利率是相反的,也就是說價格越低,收益越高。

目前,美債在市場上被瘋狂拋售,致使物價不斷下跌。

如果局勢無法緩解,美國面臨的情況也會越來越嚴重。

美國現在已經是「熱鍋上的螞蟻」了,現在的金融市場就宛如一個不見血的戰場。

在持續的「朝令夕改」期間,川普不只一次公開表示,他希望接到來自中國的電話,並聲稱「中國希望達成協議,只是不知道該如何做」。

美國財政部長貝森特繼中美關稅戰開始後首次打破沉默,他強勢發言稱目前的​​關稅很高,這可不是鬧著玩的,再這麼下去,中美貿易關係將完全破裂。

中方認為美國還真是“死鴨子嘴硬”,到了危急關頭,還不肯放下姿態。

貝森特的發言也反映了此時美國對中國市場的依賴,更對中國妥協抱持幻想。

然而,川普的妄想落空了。

大陸的態度明確,直指川普對華關稅是“單方面的霸凌行為”,並表示歡迎任何有關關稅的談判,但前提是相互尊重。

如果美國想真正解決現在的問題,只有主動徹底停止關稅戰,才有可能讓雙方回到談判桌上。

顯然,川普是不會輕易接受這一點的,關稅戰由他一手挑起,如今讓他主動放棄,不論是川普政府還是他本人都是難以接受的。

但是,川普發動關稅戰的結果只有一個,必敗無疑。

“滄海橫流,方顯英雄本色。”

在大是大非面前,大陸人會堅定地與國家站在一起,堅定地站在歷史正確的一邊,這是大陸人和中國人應有的風骨和氣節。

美國所謂“制裁”和“對等關稅”,嚇不倒包括香港同胞在內的14億中國人民,只會讓他們更加堅定地團結在一起,更加堅定地維護國家安全和香港繁榮穩定。

讓美國那些「鄉巴佬們」在中華民族五千年文明面前去哀鳴吧!


2025年4月13日 星期日

世界將重組

GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訊

Merry Reading Time 悅讀匯

Host: WP

Edit: OF








高關稅對世界各國的影響可以從多個方面來看:

1. **貿易減少**:高關稅會增加進口商品的成本,導致消費者需求下降,進而減少貿易量。這對依賴出口的國家尤其不利,可能導致經濟增長放緩。

2. **價格上漲**:進口商品的關稅提高會使得這些商品在市場上的價格上漲,消費者可能需要支付更高的價格,這對低收入家庭的影響尤為明顯。

3. **供應鏈影響**:許多企業的供應鏈是全球化的,高關稅可能迫使企業重新考慮其供應鏈配置,導致生產成本上升,並可能影響到產品的質量和交貨時間。

4. **報復性措施**:受到高關稅影響的國家可能會採取報復性措施,對進口自高關稅國家的商品徵收關稅,這可能引發貿易戰,進一步加劇全球經濟的不穩定性。

5. **產業結構調整**:高關稅可能促使某些國家發展本地產業,以減少對進口商品的依賴,這可能在短期內創造就業機會,但長期來看可能導致資源配置不當。

總體而言,高關稅對全球經濟的影響是複雜的,既有可能促進某些國家的產業發展,也可能引發貿易緊張和經濟衰退。各國在制定貿易政策時需要謹慎考量這些潛在影響。

High tariffs can have various impacts on countries around the world, which can be summarized as follows:

1. **Reduced Trade**: High tariffs increase the cost of imported goods, leading to a decrease in consumer demand and, consequently, a reduction in trade volume. This is particularly detrimental to countries that rely heavily on exports, potentially slowing down economic growth.

2. **Price Increases**: The imposition of tariffs on imported goods raises their market prices, forcing consumers to pay more. This effect is especially significant for low-income households, which may struggle to afford essential goods.

3. **Supply Chain Disruptions**: Many businesses operate with global supply chains. High tariffs may compel companies to reconsider their supply chain configurations, leading to increased production costs and potentially affecting product quality and delivery times.

4. **Retaliatory Measures**: Countries adversely affected by high tariffs may implement retaliatory tariffs on goods imported from the tariff-imposing country. This can trigger trade wars, further exacerbating global economic instability.

5. **Industry Structural Adjustments**: High tariffs may encourage some countries to develop domestic industries to reduce reliance on imported goods. While this can create job opportunities in the short term, it may lead to inefficient resource allocation in the long run.

Overall, the impact of high tariffs on the global economy is complex; they can promote industrial development in certain countries while also triggering trade tensions and economic downturns. Policymakers need to carefully consider these potential effects when formulating trade policies.

提高关税,真的能让美国再次伟大吗?

馬克·吐溫所說:“歷史不會重復,但會押韻。

那么,问题来了,从特朗普目前的一系列举措来看,其真的能让美国再次伟大吗?

而这个问题成功与否也将取决于特朗普将带领美国回归过去的哪一时代。

特朗普最推崇的美国总统是第25任总统威廉·麦金莱(William Mckinley),其将自己称为Tariff Man,而称Mckinley为Tariff King。

麦金莱1896年当选总统,1900年连任。1901年9月,被无政府主义者刺杀,享年58岁,是美国立国后被刺身亡的第三位总统。

在麦金莱执政时期,其上任第一年就通过了《丁利关税法案》,将美国平均关税推高到57%,标志着美国贸易保护主义达到历史顶点。该法案也是美国历史上实施时间最长的关税法案,持续了12年。

但也正是在麦金莱时代,美国迎来了前所未有的繁荣。在1890年,麦金莱说:“我们在农业上遥遥领先所有国家;我们在矿业上遥遥领先所有国家;我们在制造业上遥遥领先所有国家。这些都是我们推行保护性关税29年后拿回的战利品。其他体系能实现这种繁荣吗?”

在特朗普看来,麦金莱时代正是美国的黄金时代,特朗普想效仿麦金莱,带领美国重回那个时代。

但一体两面的是,在1930年另一位共和党总统胡佛用了同样的方式,却将美国带入了大萧条时代.

在1930年6月17日,美国胡佛总统签署了斯姆特-霍利关税法案,该法案将20000多种的进口商品关税提升到历史最高水平。

胡佛的这一举措,很快引发了“关税报复的螺旋”,随后,25个国家对美国商品加征关税,贸易战剧烈升级。

这使得当时的美国进口额和出口额都骤降50%以上,急剧萎缩的贸易,让美国经济萧条进一步加剧,重创美国的工农业。

而在当时,美国国内衰退也带来了剧烈的外溢影响,引发了全球经济的系统性崩溃。

因此,特朗普想成为麦金莱第二,让美国再次伟大,但同样不是没有可能特朗普将成为胡佛第二,使得美国经济进一步走向衰退。


2025年4月3日 星期四

Trump's Absurd Trade Policies Will Impoverish Americans and Harm the World

GCIOSGF Newslatter 會訊

Jeffrey D. Sachs   |   April 2, 2025   |  
 

由Sachs先生寄自本會信箱

U.S. President Donald Trump is trashing the world trade system over a basic economic fallacy. He wrongly claims that America’s trade deficit is caused by the rest of the world ripping off the U.S., repeatedly stating things such as, "Over the decades, they ripped us off like no country has never been ripped off in history…”

Trump aims to close the trade deficit by imposing tariffs, thereby impeding imports and restoring trade balance (or inducing other countries to end their rip-offs of America). Yet Trump’s tariffs will not close the trade deficit but will instead impoverish Americans and harm the rest of the world.

A country’s trade deficit (or more precisely, its current account deficit) does not indicate unfair trade practices by the surplus countries. It indicates something completely different. A current account deficit signifies that the deficit country is spending more than it is producing. Equivalently, it is saving less than it is investing.

America’s trade deficit is a measure of the profligacy of America’s corporate ruling class, more specifically the result of chronically large budget deficits resulting from tax cuts for the rich combined with trillions of dollars wasted on useless wars. The deficits are not the perfidy of Canada, Mexico, and other countries that sell more to the U.S. than the U.S. sells to them.

To close the trade deficit, the U.S. should close the budget deficit. Putting on tariffs will raise prices (such as for automobiles) but not close the trade or budget deficit, especially since Trump plans to offset tariff revenues with vastly larger tax cuts for his rich donors. Moreover, as Trump raises tariffs, the U.S. will face counter-tariffs that will directly impede U.S. exports. The result will be lose-lose for the U.S. and the rest of the world.

Let’s look at the numbers. In 2024, the U.S. exported $4.8 trillion in goods and services, and imported $5.9 trillion of goods and services, leading to a current account deficit of $1.1 trillion. That $1.1 trillion deficit is the difference between America’s total spending in 2024 ($30.1 trillion) and America’s national income ($29.0 trillion). America spends more than it earns and borrows the difference from the rest of the world.

Trump blames the rest of the world for America’s deficit, but that’s absurd. It is America that is spending more than it earns. Consider this. If you are an employee, you run a current account surplus with your employer and a deficit with the companies from which you buy goods and services. If you spend exactly what you earn, you are in current account balance. Suppose that you go on a shopping binge, spending more than your earnings by running up credit-card debt. You will now be running a current account deficit. Are the shops ripping you off, or is your profligacy driving you into debt?

Tariffs will not close the trade deficit so long as the fiscal irresponsibility of the corporate raiders and tax evaders that dominate Washington continues. Suppose, for example, that Trump’s tariffs slash the imports of automobiles and other goods from abroad. Americans will then buy U.S.-produced cars and other merchandise that would have been exported. Imports will fall, but so too will exports. Moreover, new tariffs imposed by other countries in response to Trump’s tariffs will reinforce the decline in U.S. exports. The U.S. trade imbalance will remain.

While the tariffs will not eliminate the trade deficit, they will force Americans to buy high-priced U.S.-produced goods that could have obtained at lower cost from foreign producers. The tariffs will squander what economists call the gains from trade: the ability to buy goods based on the comparative advantage of domestic and foreign producers.

The tariffs will raise prices for automobiles and wages of automotive workers, but those wage hikes will be paid by lower living standards of Americans across the economy, not by a boost of national income. The real way to support American workers is through federal measures opposite to those favored by Trump, including universal health coverage, support for unionization, and budget support for modern infrastructure, including green energy, all financed with higher, not lower, taxes on the wealthiest Americans and corporate sector.

The federal government does not cover its overall spending with tax revenues because wealthy campaign donors promote tax cuts, tax avoidance (through tax havens) and tax evasion. Remember that DOGE has gutted the audit capacity of the IRS. The budget deficit is currently around $2 trillion dollars, or roughly 6 percent of U.S. national income. With a chronically high budget gap, the U.S. trade balance will remain in chronic deficit.

Trump says that he will cut the budget deficit by slashing waste and abuse through DOGE. The problem is that DOGE misrepresents the real cause of the fiscal profligacy. The budget deficit is not due to the salaries of civil servants, who are being wantonly fired, or to the government’s R&D spending, on which our future prosperity depends, but rather to the combination of tax cuts for the rich, and reckless spending on America’s perpetual wars, U.S. funding for Israel’s non-stop wars, America’s 750 overseas military bases, the bloated CIA and other intelligence agencies, and interest payments on the soaring federal debt.

Trump and the Congressional Republicans are reportedly taking aim at Medicaid—that is, at the poorest and most vulnerable Americans—to make way for yet another tax cut for the richest Americans. They may soon go after Social Security and Medicare too.

Trump’s tariffs will fail to close the trade and budget deficits, raise prices, and make America and the world poorer by squandering the gains from trade. The U.S. will be the enemy of the world for the harm that it is causing to itself and the rest of the world.

2025年3月5日 星期三

Merry Reading Time閱讀匯

 GCIOSGF Newsletter會訊:

Host:WP

Edit: OF

俄烏戰爭的這些事


戰爭的受害者永遠是老百姓 —— 所以孫子兵法寫道:「孫子曰:凡是用兵之法,全國為上,破國次之,全軍為上,破軍次之,全旅為上,破旅次之,全卒為上,破卒次之,全伍為上,破伍次之。是故百戰百勝,非善之善者也。不戰而屈人之兵,善之善者也。“可以說,孫子兵法是最早把人文主義內嵌到兵法裡的兵書。從這一點,就代表中國人比歐洲人早進入文明社會。戰爭的受害者永遠是老百姓 —— 尤其窮人家的孩子。例如烏克蘭戰爭,權貴和富人子弟可以免兵役,甚至去巴黎旅遊。但是,窮人孩子在街上或家裡隨時被抓壯丁。

大家在之前也已經指出,烏克蘭戰爭是美國二戰後地緣政策的延續,美國在二戰後就開始扶持烏克蘭納粹黨,為了對付蘇聯;它是2014年美國策劃的廣場顏色革命的延續:美國當時推翻了親俄烏克蘭政府,扶持親美反俄派上台。事實上,戰爭從2014年已經拉開序幕:烏克蘭國防軍和右翼納粹黨,例如亞速營組成的軍隊,從2014年開始屠殺東烏克蘭的俄族百姓。不了解的朋友可以看一下法國記者Anne Laure Bonnel的紀錄片《Donbass》,和另一位記者Paul Moreira 的《Ukraine: Les masques de la révolution (2016)》。這兩部電影全部被美國施加壓力在歐洲禁演,但在Youtube上可以找到。

很多人不了解歷史,在美國超人敘事的洗腦下,斷章取義,為美國做嫁衣;或者混淆歷史上的領土爭端和民族情緒,實際上犯了刻舟求劍的錯誤,忽略眼前的地緣失衡格局。美國如果把俄羅斯拖垮,那麼下一個美國的敵人將是中國 —— 這已經寫在美國國防白皮書上。有幸的是,中國被列為終極敵人,俄羅斯只被定義為短期障礙。能讓美國這麼看得起,中國也得說一聲謝謝。言歸正傳,為什麼這麼多人害怕俄烏和平?大家一起來看看哪些人害怕:美國DeepState,英國:一旦停戰,歐洲將走向統一,甚至與俄羅斯修復關係,歐洲製造業將會逐步復活。俄羅斯不被拖垮,他們也就無法完成圍剿CN的戰略美國軍火商美國能源商美聯儲:減少戰爭的歐洲 = 歐元重新崛起,與美元競爭。小澤: 民主黨可能會對他卸磨殺驢;國內反對派,包括他撤銷的軍方負責人(因為是總統競爭者,民意比他高,所以被撤職),老百姓對他貪污和把百姓填入戰爭機器恨之入骨。所以大家認為,昨天他大概率是故意演戲,激怒Trump —— 因為這樣不簽賣國條約,搖身一變成民族英雄,無論是否停戰,民怨會大幅減輕。波蘭,波羅的海的海三傻,已經為美國交了投名狀歐洲白左,類似波蘭,波羅的海三傻印度:可能再也買不到便宜能源了

對大家來說,烏克蘭人,俄羅斯人,美國人,歐洲人,中國人等所有的人他們都是人,尤其老百姓。所有人的生命都是平等的。在二十一世紀,親眼目睹直播戰爭,看著兩邊的老百姓死亡,如果我們單純從意識形態或Z/Z利益選邊站,這是作為人類的恥辱。 TikTok難民發文,兩邊老百姓對賬,具非常重要的意義 —— 人民之間第一次廣泛直接對話,揭穿美國政客的虛偽。很早就有人說過,如中國的外交能與美國,歐洲老百姓交心,可以不戰而屈人之兵。人民也希望烏克蘭和俄羅斯老百姓可以直接對話,對賬,不再受政客的矇騙。普遍認為,想要為烏克蘭尋求一條長期和平的出路,必須基於人文主義和地緣平衡來尋求出路。烏克蘭宣布永不加入北約,永遠不協助北約東擴,包括向亞太擴張- 烏克蘭的親美右翼之前已經宣布,願意配合美國攻打BJ;歐洲,俄羅斯,中國任主導烏克蘭和平見證人,與美國達成以上協議;歐洲-俄羅斯,中-歐,中-俄之間增加互信和貿易合作 ——烏克蘭戰爭,從本質上是一場美國民主黨操縱的代理人戰爭。它是由這幾大國家的地緣關係決定的。烏克蘭政府和人民都是棋子而已。這幾大國家形成地緣平衡,才能永久免除烏克蘭戰爭的危機。烏克蘭加入歐盟,恢復經濟。烏克蘭需要去右翼,去納粹化,與俄羅斯增加民間交流和貿易。中越戰爭世仇都可以一笑泯恩仇,烏克蘭和俄羅斯族本來就是一家人。這次戰爭的文化根源就是烏克蘭右翼為了向北約納投名狀,從文化上,經濟上與俄羅斯脫鉤,甚至篡改歷史。這種套路大家都見過 —— 現在大家都知道誰是操盤手了。

大家不親俄,不親烏,不親美,也不親歐,誰都不親,客觀理性。但希望大家與這些國家和地區的老百姓同心同德,希望世界和平。大家所有的觀點都致力於地緣平衡和世界和平,尤其老百姓不要當炮灰。當然,身為華人,大家肯定希望歷史的天平能向華人世界稍微傾斜一些。

希望台灣在這複雜的局勢中能找出最適合自己的出路。

2025年3月3日 星期一

為何蘋果要投資5000億美元?

GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訊:



Apple plans to open a new factory for AI servers in Texas as part of a $500 billio n investment in the U.S., the company said Monday.

The U.S. technology giant said it would work with partners to launch a 250,000-square-foot server manufacturing facility in Houston to produce servers for Apple Intelligence, its AI personal assistant for iPhone, iPad and Mac computers.

The new factory, which is slated to begin operations in 2026, will form part of a major investment plan Apple is committing to over the next four years. In addition to the new Texas facility, Apple said it also plans to hire around 20,000 new employees across the U.S.

Most of the new hires will be focused on research and development, or R&D, silicon engineering, software development, and AI and machine learning, Apple said.

“We are bullish on the future of American innovation, and we’re proud to build on our long-standing U.S. investments with this $500 billion commitment to our country’s future,” Apple CEO Tim Cook said in a statement Monday.

The move comes after Apple’s chief executive met with President Donald Trump last week.

The iPhone maker faces pressure from the Trump administration over where it chooses to manufacture its products. Apple assembles most of its products in China.

Earlier this month, Trump signed an order imposing long-threatened 10% tariffs on Chinese goods on top of existing tariffs of up to 25% levied during his first presidency.

Apple said its $500 billion investment plan will include work with suppliers across the U.S. and production of content for its Apple TV+ media streaming service in 20 states, as well as new hires and research and development spending.

Apple said it “remains one of the largest U.S. taxpayers, having paid more than $75 billion in U.S. taxes over the past five years, including $19 billion in 2024 alone.”

The tech giant also said it would double its U.S. Advanced Manufacturing Fund to $10 billion from $5 billion currently, create a new manufacturing academy in Michigan, and grow its R&D investments in the U.S. to support cutting-edge fields such as silicon engineering.

日本想要重整旗鼓~日本在全球供應鏈中佔據主導地位?

 GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訓:

12 月 10 日,全球商業領袖與日本貿易振興機構 (JETRO) 成員齊聚紐約,共同探討當前全球狀況以及日本經濟和投資前景。該小組是每年為期兩天的路透社Next會議的一部分,該會議匯集了700多名企業高管、學者、政治家和著名思想領袖,共同探討一系列全球趨勢和問題。

與主持人德爾伊拉尼一起參加會議的還有日本貿易振興機構董事長兼執行長石黑則彥;固態鋰金屬電池領導者 QuantumScape 總裁兼執行長 Siva Sivaram 博士;奧黛麗‧查爾斯 (Audrey Charles),半導體產業尖端晶圓技術供應商泛林集團 (Lam Research) 企業策略資深副總裁;以及日本貿易振興機構創新部長中島武男。

經濟成長與穩定

日本貿易振興機構會長兼執行長石黑則彥
日本貿易振興機構會長兼執行長石黑則彥

石黑一雄在會議開幕式上將日本的經濟環境置於全球不確定性的背景下:「縱觀最近的全球形勢,貿易和外國直接投資都有所下降。然而,日本正在經歷急劇的復甦。

石黑一雄強調,在經歷了幾十年的通貨緊縮之後,日本目前正經歷著2%左右的通貨膨脹,同時人們一致認為需要提高工資來維持經濟成長,這對於形成「良性循環」至關重要。

他補充說:“日本企業對併購和開放式創新非常熱衷,以加速技術進步並增強國際競爭力”,並指出日本企業的活力正在不斷增強。

他指出的另一個正面趨勢是人工智慧和機器人等深度科技領域新創企業的崛起,以及勞動力流動性的增加,石黑浩表示這使得企業更容易吸引頂尖人才。

石黑一雄繼續說道:“日本的政治和經濟穩定,加上其安全的生活環境和先進的技術,繼續吸引全球的關注。”

產業觀點:半導體和電池創新

在日本營運超過 30 年的泛林集團 (Lam Research) 的查爾斯 (Charles) 表示,人工智慧、智慧移動等技術變革將由半導體推動。

Lam Research 企業策略資深副總裁 Audrey Charles
Lam Research 企業策略資深副總裁 Audrey Charles

查爾斯說:“預計到 2030 年,半導體行業的需求將達到 1 兆美元。”

她強調了客戶親近度和創新的重要性,並指出了泛林集團利用全球生態系統的方法以及日本在推動半導體技術方面的積極作用。

她在談到這家新的半導體製造商時補充道:“日本近年來取得的進步,包括像 Rapidus 這樣專注於兩奈米邏輯晶片的企業,確實令人興奮不已。” 「這是日本政府非常有力的支持聲明。雖然這種情況發生在多個地區,但真正值得注意的是我們的全球客戶的關注度和數量,他們在過去幾年中在日本開設了新晶圓廠、新業務,並深化了在該地區的合作夥伴關係。

QuantumScape 執行長 Sivaram 也對 Rapidus 表示讚賞,認為這是日本政府和私營部門支持該公司成為晶片領域領導者的承諾的標誌。

QuantumScape 總裁兼執行長 Siva Sivaram 博士
QuantumScape 總裁兼執行長 Siva Sivaram 博士

西瓦拉姆表示,與半導體一樣,下一代電池將支撐多個行業和技術的進步,而且「日本長期以來一直是該領域的強者」。

Sivaram 解釋了 QuantumScape 為何選擇京都作為其 2022 年地區基地,他指出,這是因為當地大學實力雄厚,並表示該地區“擁有大型舊電池製造基礎設施”,並補充道,“日本穩定的法規、雄厚的人才庫和強大的公私合作夥伴關係使其成為理想的投資環境。”

除了在該地區投資外,QuantumScape 還致力於幫助建立一個支持日本固態電池發展的強大生態系統。該公司最近在京都舉行的固態電池研討會召集了固態電池領域的領導者,討論固態電池技術在塑造日本及其他地區未來交通、能源儲存和更廣泛的電池產業方面的作用。

投資吸引力

為了說明日本對外資日益增長的吸引力,日本​​貿易振興機構的中島分享了近期的增長數據:“在過去十年中,日本的外商直接投資從 1400 億美元飆升至 3400 億美元,增長了 2.5 倍。”

日本貿易振興機構創新部長中島武雄
日本貿易振興機構創新部長中島武雄

中島將此歸因於中美競爭等地緣政治因素,以及日本強大的基礎設施,並指出“美光已宣布投資超過 30 億美元,增加其廣島工廠的動態隨機存取存儲器 (DRAM) 產量”,這證明了跨國公司對日本的信心。

區域機會

小組也探討了亞太地區及其他地區的更廣闊機遇,查爾斯指出,Lam Research 利用虛擬工具在印度培訓 60,000 名工程師的舉措就是科技業跨境性質的一個例子。

“這是為了滿足人才和基礎設施的需求,以實現半導體行業的潛力,”她補充道,“這是一個非常全球化的故事。”

就電池而言,從印度巨大的兩輪車市場的電氣化到全球對主權數據中心的推動,一切都在推動該行業向前發展,Sivaram 評論道

他強調說:“我們需要下一代電池技術來滿足這些日益增長的需求。” “你無法用昨天的技術解決今天的問題。”

未來展望

展望未來,查爾斯強調了人工智慧的變革潛力:“我們正處於人工智慧時代的開始,它將繼續影響全球趨勢。”

她也強調了自動化在解決勞動力挑戰方面的作用,並提到了Lam最近部署的首款用於半導體維護的協作機器人Dextro。

「這是為了在解決成本和人才缺口的同時推動進步,」她繼續說道。

在日本製造

該小組強調了日本在全球經濟中不斷變化的角色,以及在更廣泛的亞太地區發揮的關鍵作用。隨著產業和政府進入轉型時代,跨境合作與創新將成為塑造永續和繁榮未來的關鍵。

會議結束時,石黑一雄強調了在地緣政治分裂中彈性供應鏈的重要性。

他說:“日本的穩定性、安全性和技術優勢再次獲得讚賞。” “投資日本,先跟日本貿易振興機構談。”


2025年3月1日 星期六

Merry Reading Time悦讀匯

GCIOSGF Newsletter會訊:

Host: WP

Edit: OF

今天討論了旅行的意義

以不同的層面和截然不同的角度做了討論





A

我們常常開玩笑,旅行無非就是從自己待膩的地方,去到別人待膩的地方。所以,旅行的意義到底是什麼?

有人說,人的一生至少要有兩次衝動,一次為奮不顧身的愛情,一次為說走就走的旅行。也有人說,旅行,有三重境界,分別是觀天地、遇眾生、看見自己。在筆者看來,旅行的意義無外乎以下幾種。

看山看水。人生在世,總要跋山涉水去看看不同的風景,雪山草原、椰林海風、長河落日、小橋流水、異域風光、人間煙火……李白用一生遊遍名山大川,寫就了流傳至今的不朽詩篇;徐霞客花了30年時間,用腳步唱了《霞之河,撰寫了《霞》《世界各地》(《海記》和《世界》各地的故事》;翔的小鳥,為了山間輕流的小溪,為了寬闊的草原,流浪遠方。

增長見識。 “世界這麼大我要去看看”,網絡熱梗道出人們的心聲。除了遊山玩水,感受他鄉的風土人情,收集一路的動人故事,在不同文化的碰撞間增長見識、豐富閱歷,同樣是旅行的收穫。 「世界是一本書,而不旅行的人們只讀了其中的一頁。」旅行見聞讓我們眼中的世界更多樣化,也讓文字知識更具象。也許就是在旅途中的一瞬間,我們才能夠讀懂書本上那些少年時不曾理解的內容。

舒緩壓力。旅行是與他者的相遇,也是與自己的對話。現代社會快節奏的生活讓壓力倍增,有些人用旅行來跳脫出按部就班的日常,換一個地方去放慢節奏、舒緩心情。於是,有人在拉薩進行一場心靈的淨化,有人在大理的陽光下發呆,有人在江南的搖櫓船上聽吳語呢喃,還有人在異國他鄉感受另一種生活。短暫地擺脫壓力、焦慮與憂思,也不失為一種心靈療癒。

交流感情。雖然說,拖家帶口的旅行,會多了父母的嘮叨、孩子的吵鬧,但許多人仍然會選擇在假期和家人一道出遊,或是三五好友相約,在共同的旅程中加深互動、交流感情,留下一段美好的回憶,這些都將成為難以割捨的經歷。

現如今,旅行成為現代人假期越來越普遍的選擇。不過,有些失落與吐槽也隨之而來。

比如,日夜兼程的疲憊。一邊是總想在有限的假期,去更遠的遠方、看更美的景色、打更多的卡,一邊是高速的堵車、景區的排隊、飯店的等位,“為了走完行程而旅行”,非但沒有放鬆心情,反而“比上班還累”“比上班還苦”。這一點我們在討論放假為啥比上班還累中提及。

比如,理想現實的落差。千篇一律的古鎮、似曾相識的文創產品,以及“我在XX很想你”“想你的風還是吹到了XX”,讓人彷彿置身攝影棚內,而不是在旅行的路上。此外,跟著攻略打卡小眾景點,卻發現花海只有一小撮,而所謂無​​人知曉的“祕境”,卻搭滿了露營的帳篷……不少人苦“照騙”久矣。

再如,突如其來的焦慮。俗話說,「在家千日好,出門時時難」。旅行過程中的水土不服、身體不適、證件遺失、異鄉迷路、交通意外等突發狀況,更是常常讓人措手不及,也讓旅行的滋味變得五味雜陳。

還有,旅途結束的空虛。少數人把旅行當作逃避現實的手段,希冀著出門一趟再回來,生活就能重新啟動,所有的不如意就會煙消雲散。事實卻是,不管走得多遠,假期一結束,還是得回歸日常,還是要去面對工作生活中的千頭萬緒。當壓力重新來襲,不少人都感慨「正在經歷『假期症候群』的陣痛」。

想必許多人和筆者有同感,常常發誓下次再也不出門了,可到了下一個假期,又會忘記之前的不順利不如意,又開始蠢蠢欲動。也許,旅行對我們許多人來說,就像人生一樣,不管怎樣吐槽,卻從來不曾放棄。 「人生如逆旅,我也是行人。」旅行與人生,其實有很多相通點。

目的地有時並不重要。計劃中的目的地由於被賦予了太多期待,有時在到達之後反而覺得乏善可陳、不過爾爾,但沿途遇到的人、看到的風景、嚐到的美食,卻常常能在不經意間打動人心,不少人還收穫了“緣來你也在這裡”的愛情、友情。人生亦如是,每個人的終點都一樣,我們匆匆趕赴的不是歸處,而是為了在一路上收藏點滴,遇見一起看風景的人,也是為了「在遙遠的地方找到新的自我」。

世界之大而我之渺小。都說“旅行是偏見、偏執、狹隘的終結者”,沒有看過世界的人,總以為自己就是全世界,希望其他人按照自己的方式生活。而常在旅途中的人,見過不同的風土人情、人生百態、生活選擇,就會知道自己所了解的不過一時一地,知道世界之大而自我之渺小,也就會變得更加謙遜包容。 《東京八平米》的作者、日籍華語作家吉井忍一邊寫作,一邊在餐廳打工。 「孔乙己的長衫」並沒有套牢她,很大一部分原因是她去過許多地方、接觸過很多人,知道生活沒有既定的模式,因而心態更加從容。

意外與驚喜往往相互伴隨。如果旅行的路線和景點是主線,那麼一路上的意外就像一個個小鈴鐺,沒有主線,這些鈴鐺無法串在一起。但若沒有這些鈴鐺,主線或許也會顯得有些單調。我們可能因為迷路和各種意外而錯過原先想去的地方,最後卻可能發現,走錯岔路時看到的風景反而更加彌足珍貴。人生同樣也應當學會接受各種不確定性,從而以更開放的心態,去迎接每個「柳暗花明又一村」。

每一段陪伴都會有終點。在旅行中,可能會遇到默契的旅伴,可能會找到無話不說的朋友,然而每一次相聚就必然會有一場別離,再好的旅伴、再留戀的旅途總有要揮手告別的那一刻。下一段旅程,也許會有新的夥伴,也許要獨自前行,將相聚的美好珍藏在心中,才能更有迎接新旅程的動力和底氣。

人生就是一段漫長的旅途,一步一行中無不濃縮著我們的體驗與感悟。於我們而言,其意義就在於去經歷那些好的和不好的、計劃中的和意外的、美好的和遺憾的,收穫一路風景一路歌。

B

 有個朋友,女孩,社交網路全是旅行。  彷彿她世界中只有風景,美照、美食和禮物。  突然有一天,她的社交網絡設定變了  ,她總是說,真的應該多走走多看看,  旅行會打開你的視野和見解。  後來她說,  所謂的青春沒有售價不過是一場資本騙局,  當金錢無法支撐這一切時,  所謂的視野和見識,  一刻間全部成了另一個詞,  那個詞叫——虛榮。  

青春沒有售價,  童年、中年、老年不值一提?  有一位哲人說過,  如果我們的旅行無法為自己和他人帶來實質的收穫,  那麼,卻與乞丐無異。  想想也是,旅行的人和流浪的乞丐又有何差別呢?  不過是富遊和窮遊罷了。  有一個說法很有趣:為什麼資本家熱衷於寫成功學書籍?不怕自己的經驗被對手學去嗎?  有人的回答是:因為那些“知識經驗”,不是給對手看的,而是給員工看的。你不“成功”,我怎麼成功?  十年前的成功學書籍很少提到「旅行」二字,  而近十年的成功學書籍中,  「不管有沒有錢,每年至少旅行一到兩次」 「旅行打開視野和格局」  「旅行幫助向上社交」    對於年輕人而言,這誘惑實在是太大了,  以前月光出去玩會被說不務正業,  貸款出去玩會被說敗家子。 「現在誰還敢說我?我這是上進!」  我曾經被某位朋友灌輸過「旅行=上進=打開視野=向上社交=有見識」的觀念,那段時間極其痛苦。  

後來去問了另外兩個朋友,  一位是因為工作,把全世界主要的國家都走遍了;  另一位是純粹的富二代,每天除了旅行還是旅行;  問他們,旅行真的能幫助提升這些嗎?  他們回答我說:  玩就是玩,真想提升自己,有這個時間和金錢,閱讀和學習是最快的。

2025年2月13日 星期四

悅讀匯Merry Reading Time

GCIOSGF Newsletter 會訊:

Topic

看世界的走向

Host: WP

Edit: OF

Source from FT






The moment of which European capitals have long been afraid arrived yesterday evening, as US President Donald Trump, fresh off a 90-minute telephone call with Russia’s Vladimir Putin, announced he was starting bilateral peace talks with the Kremlin to end the war in Ukraine — leaving Europe out in the cold. Here, I attempt to capture the sense of deep trepidation caused by Trump’s announcement. And Laura reports on the collapse of coalition talks in Austria that many thought would bring the far right into power. Spectators “Nothing about Ukraine without Ukraine” has been Europe’s mantra for more than three years. When that was eviscerated last night with Donald Trump’s convivial peace talks invitation to Vladimir Putin, the penny dropped that Europe, too, had been sidelined. Context: European governments have long argued that they need to be part of any potential peace talks in order to ensure the continent’s long-term defence and security architecture and contain any future threat of aggression from Russia. “We each talked about the strengths of our respective nations, and the great benefit that we will some day have in working together,” Trump gushed about his chat with Putin, a man that most EU capitals view as a war criminal. Trump’s decision to begin bilateral negotiations with Moscow shatters any illusions that Brussels could play a role in shaping the outlines of any peace deal. To compound Europe’s sense of powerlessness, Trump later added that Saudi Arabia would be likely to play middleman. European officials, essentially kept in the dark about Trump’s Ukraine plans since his election, were clutching to the hope of using bilateral meetings in Munich today and tomorrow with Keith Kellogg, ostensibly the president’s official Ukraine envoy, to gather some insights and try to influence the White House. Those already far-fetched fantasies were wholly dashed when Trump didn’t even name Kellogg as one of his four-man negotiation team. Europe’s dread is two-fold. First, a fear of having to pay — through reconstruction funds, arms supplies and peacekeeping troops on the ground in Ukraine — to enforce an agreement they won’t have negotiated. Second, the worry that Trump may agree terms that ignore the continent’s broader security concerns, which Putin could exploit to bring future pressure against other countries. Those fears were fanned by Trump’s defence secretary Pete Hegseth insisting yesterday that Ukraine would never join Nato, that US troops would never be deployed there, and that restoring Ukraine’s lost territory was an “unrealistic objective”. “We want to discuss the way forward with our American allies,” France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Spain, the UK, Ukraine and the EU said in a joint statement issued following a meeting of foreign ministers in Paris last night. “Ukraine and Europe must be involved in any negotiations,” they added, in hope rather than expectation. Spokespeople for European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen and Nato secretary-general Mark Rutte declined to comment when asked for their response to Trump’s announcement. Chart du jour: Surge European stocks ticked up yesterday on hopes of a Ukraine peace deal, continuing this year’s upward trend. The Russian rouble also jumped. Sigh of relief The European Council won’t add another far-right leader to its table for now, as coalition talks in Austria led by the Freedom Party under Herbert Kickl have fallen apart, writes Laura Dubois. Context: The far-right Freedom Party (FPÖ) and the conservative People’s party (ÖVP) entered negotiations in January, following mainstream parties’ failure to form a cordon sanitaire against the FPÖ, which had come first in September elections. But FPÖ leader Kickl handed his mandate to form a government back to President Alexander Van der Bellen yesterday. In a letter to the president, he said discussions on the division of government portfolios “were not successful”. Kickl, known for his pro-Russian views, had demanded his party lead the interior ministry — something that was unacceptable for his prospective government partners for security reasons. “We received numerous warnings from within the country and from abroad that the co-operation of intelligence services would be in danger if the Freedom party were to appoint the interior minister,” said ÖVP leader Christian Stocker. The FPÖ controlled the interior ministry between 2017 and 2019, when it was the junior partner in a coalition with the ÖVP under Sebastian Kurz. At that time, most allied foreign intelligence agencies stopped co-operation with Austria as a result. That government later collapsed after the party’s leadership was filmed soliciting political favours from a fake Russian oligarch’s niece they believed had the backing of Vladimir Putin. With those credentials, officials in Europe will be breathing a sigh of relief that Kickl won’t be the next Austrian chancellor after all — for now. If new elections were held, the FPÖ would be expected to increase its share of the vote, something Kickl might have been banking on. Van der Bellen yesterday urged the mainstream parties to find a compromise and said he would assess the best way forward over the coming days.

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